The art of cultivating bonsai trees is a Japanese tradition stretching back hundreds of years. Literally translating to “tray planting,” growing a bonsai tree involves actively working to shape a tree into a dwarfed, artistic version of itself. A bonsai tree is not a special dwarf or hybrid species of a common tree; they’re genetically identical to their taller brothers and sisters. It’s the careful cultivation and shaping techniques that keeps these trees small. However, the trees are not sick or damaged. In fact, with the proper care, the bonsai version of a tree can exceed the life expectancy of the same tree if it were grown in the wild.
Grown from seeds or cuttings, Bonsai trees normally grow in height from two inches to three feet. They are kept miniture through pruning both branches and roots. They’re also repotted periodically, and new growth is frequently pinched off.
Cultivating bonsai trees is actually as much about art as it is about horticulture. Bonsai trees are not only kept miniture, they are also formed into pleasing shapes. They often follow a number of different growth patterns, from simple triangles to waterfall shapes cascading down over their pots. The shapes are normally a product of both the pruning of the tree and by the wrapping the branches and trunk with wire, pushing the tree into its desired shape. The pots themselves are part of the art as well, chosen to compliment the shape and color of the tree itself. Mosses and rocks are often added to the base for aesthetic appeal.
Cultivating a bonsai tree is more complicated than maintaining most houseplants. Since the bonsai has has a smaller root system than most plants, it needs fertilizer and water more frequently than the majority of garden-variety houseplants. Pruining is also essential occasionally, since without pruning the bonsai tree would grow into just a normal large tree. Also, if wire is used to help mold and form the tree, it is important to take care that the wire doesn’t dig into the bark of the tree, scarring the branches permanently. Depending on the type of bonsai tree and your climate, you may be able to keep some bonsai trees outside year round, while others will need to be kept inside for at least part of the year. Since moisture in the soil, leaves, and branches of the bonsai is important, they need to be misted occasionally to remain healthy.
Popular Questions
How often should you water a bonsai tree during cultivation?
Water a bonsai when the top layer of soil feels slightly dry, rather than following a fixed daily schedule. Pour water slowly over the soil until it drains from the holes, then empty any standing water from the tray. Check moisture more frequently in hot, windy weather and less often during cool or dormant periods.
What soil is best for successful bonsai tree cultivation?
Use a fast-draining bonsai mix that contains particles such as akadama, pumice, lava rock, or coarse grit. Avoid relying on ordinary garden soil because it can compact around the roots and restrict air and drainage. Choose a particle size that suits the tree and pot, and replace the mix when it breaks down or remains wet for too long.
When should a bonsai be pruned and shaped?
Prune new shoots during the growing season to maintain the tree’s outline and encourage fine branching. Remove dead, damaged, crossing, or excessively vigorous growth with clean tools. Major structural pruning and wiring are best timed according to the species, usually during a period when the tree can recover without extreme heat or freezing temperatures.
How do you repot a bonsai during cultivation?
Repot a bonsai when roots have filled the container, water drains poorly, or the soil has become compacted. Slide the tree out carefully, loosen only a portion of the root mass, and trim dead or circling roots with sterilized scissors. Set it in fresh, well-draining bonsai soil, secure the tree, water thoroughly, and keep it sheltered from intense sun while new roots develop.
